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Basic terms used in Computational Fluid Dynamics

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a field of engineering that deals with the numerical simulation of fluid flow and heat transfer phenomena. Here are some basic terms commonly used in Computational Fluid Dynamics:

  1. Fluid: A substance that flows and takes the shape of its container, such as liquids and gases.
  2. Flow: The movement of fluid particles over time.
  3. Navier-Stokes Equations: A set of partial differential equations that describe the motion of fluid substances. These equations govern the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy.
  4. Boundary Conditions: Specifications of fluid properties (e.g., velocity, pressure, temperature) at the boundaries of the computational domain.
  5. Mesh: A discretized representation of the computational domain, consisting of interconnected geometric elements (e.g., triangles, quadrilaterals, tetrahedra, hexahedra) that cover the entire domain.
  6. Grid: The structured or unstructured arrangement of nodes and elements that define the mesh.
  7. Finite Volume Method (FVM): A numerical method used to solve partial differential equations by discretizing the computational domain into control volumes and integrating the governing equations over these volumes.
  8. Finite Difference Method (FDM): A numerical method used to solve partial differential equations by discretizing the computational domain into a grid of points and approximating derivatives using finite differences.
  9. Finite Element Method (FEM): A numerical method used to solve partial differential equations by discretizing the computational domain into elements and approximating the solution within each element using piecewise polynomial functions.
  10. Conservation Laws: Principles that describe the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy in fluid flow and heat transfer processes.
  11. Turbulence: Chaotic, irregular fluid motion characterized by fluctuations in velocity and pressure. Turbulence modeling is used to predict turbulent flow behavior.
  12. Reynolds Number (Re): A dimensionless parameter used to characterize the relative importance of inertial forces to viscous forces in a fluid flow. It is defined as the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces.
  13. Boundary Layer: A thin layer of fluid adjacent to a solid boundary where the velocity gradients are significant. Boundary layer analysis is important in understanding fluid flow near solid surfaces.
  14. Drag and Lift: Forces exerted on bodies immersed in fluid flow. Drag is the force acting in the direction of the flow, while lift is the force perpendicular to the flow direction.
  15. Convergence: The condition where the numerical solution of a CFD simulation stabilizes and no longer changes significantly with additional iterations or time steps.

These are some fundamental terms used in Computational Fluid Dynamics, providing a basis for understanding and discussing fluid flow simulations and analyses.

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