What is FEM
Finite Element Method (FEM) is a numerical technique used for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) in engineering and scientific applications. FEM is used to solve a wide range of problems, including stress analysis, heat transfer, fluid flow, and electromagnetics.
The basic idea behind FEM is to divide a large and complex problem into smaller, simpler and more manageable parts, known as finite elements. These elements are connected at a set of points known as nodes, and the problem is solved by approximating the solution over each element using a set of mathematical functions.
FEM has several advantages over traditional analytical methods. For example, it can handle complex geometries and boundary conditions, and it can provide a numerical solution for problems that do not have an analytical solution. Furthermore, FEM can be used to analyze both linear and nonlinear problems, and it can handle problems with large deformations and material nonlinearities.
The FEM process involves several steps:
- Discretization: The problem domain is divided into smaller elements, each with a set of nodes and mathematical functions to approximate the solution.
- Formulation: The governing equations for each element are derived based on the physical laws and boundary conditions.
- Assembly: The equations for each element are combined to form a global system of equations representing the entire problem.
- Solution: The system of equations is solved numerically to obtain the solution.
- Post-processing: The solution is analyzed and visualized to obtain the desired results.
FEM requires a good understanding of the physical problem being analyzed, as well as the mathematical and numerical techniques used to solve the problem. It also requires knowledge of software tools such as finite element analysis software, which can automate many of the steps involved in the process.
FEM has a wide range of applications in engineering and science. For example, it is used in structural analysis to determine the stresses and deformations in complex structures such as buildings, bridges, and aircraft. It is also used in heat transfer analysis to determine the temperature distribution in materials and fluids, and in fluid flow analysis to determine the velocity and pressure distribution in fluids.
In conclusion, FEM is a powerful numerical technique that is widely used in engineering and scientific applications. It allows engineers and scientists to solve complex problems that cannot be solved analytically, and it provides accurate and reliable results that can be used to design and optimize real-world systems.